A patient with a history of atrial fibrillation was receiving mechanical ventilation. Tidal volume was set to 8 ml/kg, PEEP 5, Pmax 22 cm H2O. Shock with necessity of administration of noradrenaline (2 mg/h – 0.4 ug/kg/min), lactate 3.5 mmol/l with decreasing tendency, capillary refill time (periphery of upper limb) approximately 4 seconds, oliguria 0.5 ml/kg/h at most, blood pressure (invasive measurement) 110/50 mmHg, mean arterial pressure 70 mmHg, heart rate 100 bpm.
Echocardiography was performed to assess fluid responsiveness:
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